Description: A study note for Exam MFE (Actuarial Models–Financial Economics Segment). This document describes the parameter d (delta) in the Black-Scholes formula.

Description: This is a study note that supplements material contained in the book, 'Actuarial Mathematics,' 2nd edition, by N. L. Bowers, Jr., H.U. Gerber, J.C. Hickman, D.A. Jones and C.J. Nesbitt. The topics covered include integer functions, uniform distribution of deaths throughout each year of age, and annuity coefficients.